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Behavioral Medicine (Washington, D.C.) 2021Despite higher rates of tobacco use and smoking-related diseases among sexual minorities, tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors (e.g., medication, nicotine...
Despite higher rates of tobacco use and smoking-related diseases among sexual minorities, tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors (e.g., medication, nicotine replacement products) remain poorly understood across sexual orientation subgroups. This study examines tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors associated with tobacco use disorder (TUD) across the three major sexual orientation dimensions (identity, attraction, behavior) in U.S. adults. Prevalence estimates reflect data collected from a 2012-2013 national sample of adults 18 years and older. More than three-fourths of U.S. adults with TUD had never engaged in tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors, regardless of sexual orientation. Despite having the highest rates of TUD, bisexual men and women had some of the lowest rates of tobacco cessation treatment-seeking. Men who identified as gay, reported same-sex attraction, or reported same-sex behaviors had the highest rates of tobacco cessation treatment-seeking. In contrast, women with same-sex attraction or same-sex behavior had higher rates of TUD but were less likely to engage in tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors than women with only other-sex attraction or other-sex behavior, respectively. Heterosexual women were more likely to engage in tobacco cessation treatment-seeking than heterosexual men; this sex difference was not present for sexual minorities. Medications and nicotine replacement therapy products were the most prevalent forms of treatment-seeking. There were notable differences in tobacco cessation treatment-seeking behaviors based on sex and sexual orientation. Findings highlight the underutilization of tobacco cessation treatment-seeking among all U.S. adults and point to important factors to consider when working with sexual minorities who are trying to reduce or stop using tobacco.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Sexual Behavior; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
PubMed: 32703084
DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1676191 -
Addictive Behaviors Dec 2021The current study aimed to assess single product, dual, and polytobacco use in a young adult military population and how an enforced tobacco ban during training impacts...
The current study aimed to assess single product, dual, and polytobacco use in a young adult military population and how an enforced tobacco ban during training impacts these behaviors. Participants were 810 U.S. Airmen who reported tobacco use as civilians. Participants completed baseline and one-year follow-up surveys about their tobacco use from 2016 to 2019. Each product used by a participant was assigned a score based on their frequency of use, which were summed to create a total score. Change scores were calculated by determining the difference between baseline and follow-up frequency scores. Tobacco frequency score and the categorical change (e.g., increased, decreased) were compared between groups using t-tests and Chi-squared tests, respectively, adjusting for clustering effects by squadron and base. Among single product users, 44.58% quit using tobacco products, 47.1% remained single product users, and 8.32% became dual or polytobacco users. Among dual users, 39.1% quit, 43.1% became single product users, 14.2% remained dual users, and 3.7% became polytobacco users. Among polytobacco users, 29.9% quit, 43.4% became single product users, 17.9% became dual users, and 8.8% continued poly-tobacco use. Most participants reduced the number and frequency of tobacco products used. Implementing stringent policies that further restrict tobacco use may decrease tobacco product use or frequency of use.
Topics: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult
PubMed: 34391132
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107077 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... Oct 2021Improving understanding of the epidemiology of dual and poly-tobacco product use is essential for tobacco control policy and practice. The present study aimed to...
INTRODUCTION
Improving understanding of the epidemiology of dual and poly-tobacco product use is essential for tobacco control policy and practice. The present study aimed to systematically review existing epidemiologic evidence on current dual and poly-tobacco use among adults globally.
METHODS
We systematically searched online databases for studies published up to June 30, 2020. We included quantitative studies with measures of nationally representative prevalence of current dual or poly-tobacco use among adults. Prevalence estimates for each country were extracted manually and stratified by WHO regions and World Bank income classifications.
RESULTS
Twenty studies with nationally representative prevalence data on current dual or poly-tobacco use in the adult population across 48 countries were included. Definitions of dual and poly-tobacco use varied widely. Prevalence of dual and poly-tobacco use was higher in low- and lower-middle-income countries compared to other higher-income countries. Current dual use of smoked and smokeless tobacco products among males ranged from 0.2% in Ukraine (2010) and Mexico (2009) to 17.9% in Nepal (2011). Poly-tobacco use among males ranged from 0.8% in Mexico (2009) and 0.9% in Argentina (2010) to 11.4% in the United Kingdom and 11.9% in Denmark in 2012. Dual tobacco use was generally higher in South-East Asia; poly-tobacco use was prevalent in Europe as well as in South-East Asia.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first systematic review of the prevalence estimates of dual and poly-tobacco use among adults globally. The results of the current study could significantly help health policy makers to implement effective tobacco control policies.
IMPLICATIONS
This study demonstrates that dual/poly-tobacco use is common in many countries of the world, and highlights the need for in-depth exploration of this field in future studies, especially in high prevalence regions such as South-East Asian and European countries. In light of this, the global tobacco control community and health authorities should also agree upon a consistent operational definition of dual and poly-tobacco use to propel research and improve surveillance of dual/poly-use in health surveys for better communication and understanding of these phenomena.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Prevalence; Nicotiana; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless
PubMed: 34009377
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab084 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jan 2014Smoking is still considered to be mainly a male problem. However, it is estimated that there are approximately 250 million women worldwide who smoke cigarettes and... (Review)
Review
Smoking is still considered to be mainly a male problem. However, it is estimated that there are approximately 250 million women worldwide who smoke cigarettes and millions more women who use smokeless tobacco products. This article addresses the many facets of tobacco use among women. The aim of the paper is to increase recognition among clinicians and researchers of the specific characteristics of female tobacco use. Together with providing epidemiological data on the distribution of tobacco use among women and data from population-based analyses on sociocultural factors that influence it, the article presents tobacco use during pregnancy as a particularly important public health problem. Further, the article points out sex-related differences (ie, physiological, psychological, or behavioral) between male and female tobacco use. A special focus is on the important role of ovarian hormones. Adverse effects of tobacco use to women and their children as well as tobacco-related morbidities and comorbidities are presented, and women's greater susceptibility to tobacco constituents as compared to men is stressed. Awareness of these differences can contribute to improvement of the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs addressed both to the specific female population and to an individual smoking woman.
Topics: Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Morbidity; Ovary; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Sociological Factors; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder
PubMed: 24487778
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.889796 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Sep 2017Despite the high prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among adults in Bangladesh, SLT was not included in the Tobacco Control Law till 2013. Information on SLT use... (Review)
Review
Despite the high prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among adults in Bangladesh, SLT was not included in the Tobacco Control Law till 2013. Information on SLT use among Bangladeshi people is inadequate for policymaking and implementing effective control measures. With the aim to identify the prevalence and trends of different SLT products, health and economic impacts, manufacture, and sale of and policies related to SLT in Bangladesh, we carried out a literature review, which involved literature search, data extraction, and synthesis. Evidence suggests that in Bangladesh, SLTs range from unprocessed to processed or manufactured products including Sada Pata, Zarda, Gul, and Khoinee. Over 27% of Bangladeshi adults aged 15 years and older use SLT in one form or other. SLT use is associated with age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status. SLT consumption has reportedly been associated with increased prevalence of heart diseases, stroke, and oral cancer and led to around 320,000 disability adjusted life years lost in Bangladesh in 2010. No cessation service is available for SLT users in public facilities. Compared to cigarettes, taxation on SLT remains low in Bangladesh. The amendment made in Tobacco Control Law in 2013 requires graphic health warnings to cover 50% of SLT packaging, ban on advertisement of SLT products, and restriction to sale to minors. However, implementation of the law is weak. As the use of SLT is culturally accepted in Bangladesh, culturally appropriate public awareness program is required to curb SLT use along with increased tax and cessation services.
Topics: Adolescent; Bangladesh; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Mass Media; Social Class; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco, Smokeless
PubMed: 28928314
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_233_17 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Aug 2018Tobacco use, sex differences, and psychiatric disorders are associated with altered immune function. There are also sex differences in tobacco use and psychiatric... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Tobacco use, sex differences, and psychiatric disorders are associated with altered immune function. There are also sex differences in tobacco use and psychiatric disorders. This review summarizes findings from the small, but growing literature examining sex differences in the effects of tobacco use on inflammation and the implications for psychiatric disorders.
RECENT FINDINGS
We identified four studies that tested the interaction between sex and tobacco/nicotine on inflammation. Although males and females generally exhibited differential tobacco-induced immune responses, the pattern varied depending on the sample (rodents vs. humans) and the method to evaluate inflammation. Evidence suggests that sex modulates the effects of tobacco smoke on inflammation. Many inflammation markers associated with sex differences and tobacco use are related to psychiatric disorders. We propose a model in which sex, tobacco use, and inflammation interact to increase risk for psychiatric disorders. Future studies are needed to examine the mechanisms that explain this relationship.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Mental Disorders; Nicotine; Sex Characteristics; Smoking; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 30094593
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0946-3 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Aug 2022Due to the increasing use of alternative tobacco products (waterpipes, heat-not-burn) and tobacco alternatives (e-cigarettes), we studied recent changes in the...
BACKGROUND
Due to the increasing use of alternative tobacco products (waterpipes, heat-not-burn) and tobacco alternatives (e-cigarettes), we studied recent changes in the prevalence of conventional tobacco use and alternative products.
METHODS
Data come from ten waves of the Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) from 1995 to 2021, with representative samples collected via paperpencil questionnaires, telephone interviews, or online. We compared the prevalence of conventional tobacco use and alternative products by gender and age (18-24, 25-39, 40-59 years).
RESULTS
In all age groups, the use of conventional tobacco products decreased. The prevalence of the exclusive use of one of the three alternative products differed statistically significantly between age groups and in 2021 was higher for ages 18-24 (females: 11.1%, males: 12.4%) compared to ages 25-39 (females: 2.9%; males: 4.9%) and ages 40-59 (females: 1.4%; males: 2.0%). The use of alternative products was mainly due to the exclusive use of waterpipes among individuals aged 18 to 24 and 25 to 39 and the exclusive use of e-cigarettes among individuals aged 40 to 59.
CONCLUSION
The higher prevalence of alternative product use among young adults implies a turning point that needs to be considered in prevention. Because of the addictive potential of these products, young adults can be expected to maintain their use into middle and older adulthood. There is a need to monitor the use of alternative products, identify the risks associated with them, and develop effective prevention and cessation interventions for adults.
Topics: Young Adult; Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Nicotiana; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Germany
PubMed: 36384922
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0252 -
Prenatal Diagnosis Aug 2020Despite decades of messages warning about the dangers of tobacco use in pregnancy, 10% to 15% of pregnant women continue to smoke. Furthermore, an increased popularity... (Review)
Review
Despite decades of messages warning about the dangers of tobacco use in pregnancy, 10% to 15% of pregnant women continue to smoke. Furthermore, an increased popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) over the past decade in women of childbearing age raises parallel concerns regarding the effects of vaporized nicotine use in pregnancy. While research using animal models which mimic tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure in pregnancy have largely replicated findings in humans, few studies focus directly on the effects of these exposures on the placenta. Because the placenta is a fetal derived tissue, and nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke are either processed by or transported directly through the placenta, such studies help us understand the risks of these exposures on the developing fetus. In this review, we summarize research on the placenta and placental-derived cells examining either tobacco smoke or nicotine exposure, including both histologic and subcellular (ie, epigenetic and molecular) modifications. Collectively, these studies reveal that tobacco and nicotine exposure are accompanied by some common and several unique molecular and epigenomic placental modifications. Consideration of the nature and sequelae of these molecular mediators of risk may help to better inform the public and more effectively curtail modifiable behavior.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nicotine; Placentation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Nicotiana; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 32010988
DOI: 10.1002/pd.5660 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Apr 2021
Topics: Adolescent; Health Surveys; Humans; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 33781469
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.01.015 -
Global Heart 2023Almost 80% of global tobacco usage is concentrated in low- and-middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. Added to this, there is dearth of dedicated tobacco cessation...
BACKGROUND
Almost 80% of global tobacco usage is concentrated in low- and-middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. Added to this, there is dearth of dedicated tobacco cessation specialist services in healthcare settings in these regions. Identification of challenges in the delivery of cessation interventions and understanding the experiences of tobacco users will aid in formulating successful quit strategies.
OBJECTIVES
This qualitative study in India aimed to understand the perspectives of tobacco-using patients in healthcare facilities regarding tobacco use and cessation.
METHODS
This qualitative study was conducted in urban and rural areas of four study sites, two each in the North and South India. Using purposive sampling, patients who were tobacco users were selected from healthcare facilities. The interviews were transcribed, coded and organised into themes. Analysis was done using NVivo 10 software.
RESULTS
A total of 22 in-depth interviews were conducted on participants aged 23 to 80 years who were either current or past tobacco users. A majority of the participants were aware of their increased health risks associated with tobacco consumption and had attempted quitting; however, barriers such as peer influence, formed habit, certain cultural barriers and the addictive nature of nicotine prevented them from successfully quitting. Familial and peer support, the government's role in spreading public awareness, and limiting the sale of tobacco were stated as facilitators for tobacco cessation.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study point out that despite awareness of the perils of tobacco among smokers, there are various barriers and beliefs related to tobacco use and cessation. These findings would prove advantageous for policy-makers to implement and promote addiction treatment programmes for successful tobacco cessation efforts. In order to optimise strategies, policies must be well informed by ongoing dialogue between the public, service providers and policy-makers.
Topics: Humans; Tobacco Use; Smokers; Qualitative Research; India
PubMed: 37744208
DOI: 10.5334/gh.1267